There was a time when it was difficult to find free Wi-Fi and we struggled to get online whilst out and about. I remember constantly seeking out McDonald’s whilst touring the US in an RV just so I could download maps.
These days, you can’t go 10 yards without your phone searching for the next available network. Cafés, pubs, marinas, airports and even buses offer free Wi-Fi. But just because it’s convenient doesn’t mean it’s always safe.
How Safe is Public Wi-Fi?
Ask any techie about public Wi-Fi and you’ll probably get a sharp intake of breath and a shake of the head. While public Wi-Fi has improved over the years, there are still some significant risks.
Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks
One of the most common threats is known as a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. This is when a cybercriminal intercepts information flowing between your device and the websites you’re visiting.
Sensitive information such as passwords, emails and financial details could potentially be stolen. While some public Wi-Fi networks now use encryption, many remain open or poorly secured, making these attacks easier to carry out.
Rogue Hotspots
Another common trick is the rogue hotspot, sometimes called an “evil twin”. This is when a hacker creates a fake Wi-Fi network with a name very similar to the genuine one you’re trying to connect to.
For example, instead of connecting to “Marina Guest WiFi”, you accidentally connect to “Marina_Guest_WiFi”. Once connected, the attacker may be able to intercept your information or even attempt to install malware on your device.
Slow Speeds and Congested Networks
Even if you avoid the security risks, public Wi-Fi isn’t always the best experience.
Take a coffee shop as an example. The owner is unlikely to pay for an expensive high-speed business connection if they’re only making a small profit on each cup of coffee. Add dozens of customers all trying to use the same connection and the result can be a slow, congested network.
In many cases, your mobile data connection will actually be faster and more reliable.
Safety Tips for Using Public Wi-Fi
At Lovesail, we recommend avoiding public Wi-Fi for sensitive activities whenever possible. We appreciate that this isn’t always easy when you’re sailing around remote parts of the world and the rum bar’s Wi-Fi may be your only option!
Fortunately, mobile data is now much cheaper than it used to be and many providers offer very large or even unlimited data packages, making it easier to avoid public networks altogether.
If you do need to use public Wi-Fi, these tips can help reduce the risk.
Check for HTTPS
Ensure websites use HTTPS, but remember that the padlock icon only means your connection to the website is encrypted. It does not guarantee that the website itself is legitimate, so always check the web address carefully.
Avoid Banking and Sensitive Transactions
Avoid accessing online banking or other sensitive accounts over public Wi-Fi unless absolutely necessary. If you must do so, use a trusted VPN or your own mobile hotspot.
Be Careful When Shopping Online
It’s best to avoid making purchases on public Wi-Fi where possible. If you do need to shop online, ensure the website uses HTTPS and consider using a VPN.
Keep Your Devices Updated
Make sure all your devices and software are up to date. Security updates often contain fixes for newly discovered vulnerabilities.
Use Mobile Data Instead
Whenever possible, use your mobile data connection (4G or 5G). Mobile networks are generally more secure than public Wi-Fi and often provide faster, more reliable speeds.
Consider Using Starlink
Many cruising sailors now use Starlink as their primary internet connection. Having your own onboard internet means you can often avoid connecting to unknown public Wi-Fi networks altogether.
Like any internet service, you should still follow good security practices such as keeping your devices updated and using strong passwords and multi-factor authentication where possible. However, using your own connection removes many of the risks associated with public Wi-Fi, such as rogue hotspots and unsecured networks.
Consider Using a VPN
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) encrypts your internet traffic, making it more difficult for others on the same network to intercept your data. If you regularly need to use public Wi-Fi, a reputable VPN service can provide an additional layer of security.
However, for most people, using their own mobile data connection or personal hotspot is often the simpler and preferable option.
Turn Off Automatic Wi-Fi Connections
Many devices will automatically connect to previously used networks. Disable this feature and turn off Wi-Fi when you’re not using it.
Enable Multi-Factor Authentication
Wherever possible, enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) on important accounts. Even if someone does obtain your password, MFA can provide an extra layer of protection.
Disable File Sharing
Turn off file sharing, AirDrop-style services and network discovery when using public Wi-Fi.
Final Thoughts
These days, I rarely use public Wi-Fi for anything sensitive. Instead, I rely on my mobile data connection and make sure I have a data package that’s large enough for my needs. If I’m working on my laptop, I simply use my phone as a personal hotspot.
Many sailors are also turning to services such as Starlink so they can use their own onboard internet connection rather than relying on marina or café Wi-Fi. Having your own connection can often be faster, more reliable and avoids many of the security risks associated with public networks.
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